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§¸§Ö§Ý§î §ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§â§Ñ — §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§å §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ LADM (ISO 19152) §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §æ§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§å§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û (FIG) §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú (ISO) §Ú §â§ñ§Õ§å §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ.
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§£ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ç §Ô-§ß Paasch §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §à §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§à§Û §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ LADM. §¿§ä§à §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î (§ã§ç§Ö§Þ§Ñ) §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú (§Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö), §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö UML 2.1. §³§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä LADM §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í «§á§â§à§æ§Ú§Ý§ñ» §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í (§ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ§ê§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §¯§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§í, §£§Ö§ß§Ô§â§Ú§ñ, §±§à§â§ä§å§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ, §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú §Ú §Õ§â.) §±§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß. LADM §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§â§Ö§ç§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú, §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ß§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ä§å§â§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ü §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Þ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ü§à§Ó; §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú; §ß§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ; §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§í§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §à§Ò§í§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó §Ú §ä.§á.). §®§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í «§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è»: §ä§à§é§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §á§à§Ý§Ú§Ô§à§ß, §Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §ä.§ß. «§ã§á§Ñ§Ô§Ö§ä§ä§Ú», §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§à§Ó§í§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§à§á§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö 2- §Ú 3-D §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í. §£ §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú LADM §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ú§ç §Ò§Ñ§Ù §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§ß§Ö §ã§æ§Ö§â§í §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §â§Ö§Ö§ã§ä§â §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó, §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§à§à§Ò§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§ç §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (land cover), §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §ã§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú (land use data), §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Ó§à§Ó. §ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ß§à, §é§ä§à LADM §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä 4D-§á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û, §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §¤-§ß Paasch §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§å§Ý §ä§Ö§Þ§å §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú LADM §ã §Ú§ß§æ§â§Ñ§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§à§Û §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§í INSPIRE. §°§ß §â§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§í§Ý §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ó LADM §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù INSPIRE.
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